What is human genome project?

Human Genome Project was started in 1990 as a result of a 13-year effort. It was a combined success of U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health. This was mainly started to determine in the DNA, the sequence of chemical base pairs. Human Genome Project which is a bioinformatics project mainly designed to identify genes in the human genome was completed in 2003. Human Genome Project was a globally international long-term research effort. The researches of the project results from animals like laboratory mouse and the fruit fly are also used. Since this project addresses various ethical, social and legal issues, it is also called as "ELSI".

The basic and the fundamental phase for an evolution is the variation in the Genetic or DNA sequence. The sum of the entire DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) in an organism is a genome. As you all might know DNA comprises of genes that carry information to produce certain proteins. These in turn verify the physical appearance and the behavioral characteristics. It can also find out how effectively the organism reacts to specific diseases. To explain further there are four different varieties of chemical composition in a genome. They include A, G ,C, and T. The most wonderful fact is that the human genome consists of 3 billion pairs of bases.

These human genome sequences give a unique scientific opportunity. The most important is that it studies the natural genetic variation of humans. If you understand the relationship between risk promises in disease and genetic variation, then most of the illness can be prevented and treated. Due to this Human Genome Project, genome research has become central importance in biomedical research. It continuously plays a vital role in catalyzing important studies of the functioning and structure of genes. Human Genome Project success depends on various factors like the computational biology, bioinformatics and genome sciences skilled scientists. The international partners of Human Genome Project include National Institutes of Health (NIH), Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Department of Energy (DOE) and National Human Genome Research Institute.

The Human Genome Project was started with many goals. Here are a few listed:

• To identify approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA 
• To determine the chemical base pairs sequences that form human DNA, 
• To store information in databases 
• To improve tools for data analysis 
• To transfer technologies to the private sector 
• To address the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) of the project. 

Goals

Let us now discuss a few goals of Human Genome Project briefly:
Genetic and physical Mapping
By 1995, the Human Genome Project completed the 2- to 5-cM mapping. It also developed technology for rapid genotyping.

DNA Sequencing

Human Genome Project also developed various effective approaches to sequence one- to many mega base regions of DNA. It was a technology that was developed for high-throughput sequencing and to focus on the systems.
Gene Identification
To identify genes and to place known genes on physical maps or sequenced DNA, Human Genome Project developed various methods.
Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI)
Human Genome Project continuously defined and identified issues and developed various policy options in genetic testing to address them.

Technology Transfer

Human Genome Project was also an encouraged and enhanced technology used to transfer both into and out of centers of genome research.
Informatics In this, Human Genome Project creates, develops and operates the databases and its tools. This is done to access the data, tools and standards easily such that it provides data exchanging and links with databases.