The most common causes of the lower back pain are as follows:
1. Lumbar strain (acute, chronic): When there is a stretch or injury in the ligaments, tendons or muscles of the lower back, the condition is known as the lumbar strain. Due to the strain or injury small microscopic tears occurs in the tissues of the lower back which is the cause behind the pain in the lower back. The injury may occur due to excess movement or improper movement of the lower back.
When the injury occurs in the soft tissue and persists for less than a week it is termed as the acute injury while when the pain persists for more than three months it is known as chronic pain. The lumbar strain generally occurs in the later ages but it can occur at any age depending upon the lifestyle of the person. The lumbar strain can be predicted by the presence of a localized pain in the area of lower back which occurs after the stress on the back due to some mechanical movement. The extent of the severity of the lower back pain depends upon the amount of stress by which the back is exposed and to the response of the muscle towards the stress. Generally it is diagnosed by the X-ray technique which detects any muscle abnormality.
When the injury occurs in the soft tissue and persists for less than a week it is termed as the acute injury while when the pain persists for more than three months it is known as chronic pain. The lumbar strain generally occurs in the later ages but it can occur at any age depending upon the lifestyle of the person. The lumbar strain can be predicted by the presence of a localized pain in the area of lower back which occurs after the stress on the back due to some mechanical movement. The extent of the severity of the lower back pain depends upon the amount of stress by which the back is exposed and to the response of the muscle towards the stress. Generally it is diagnosed by the X-ray technique which detects any muscle abnormality.
2. Nerve irritation: The lower back pain may be caused by the irritation of the nerves of spinal cord due to some bone or tissues. Due to the nerve irritation, problems like bony encroachment, lumbar disc disease and inflammation due to infection may occur.
3. Lumbar radiculopathy: This is also a type of nerve irritation which occurs due to the occurrence of damage between the discs of vertebral column. The damage to the disc may occur due to the degeneration of the outer ring of the disc or any other problems. The treatment of this cause is done either by any type of medical management or by a surgery. Medical management is done by exercises, medications etc.
Bone and joint conditions: The conditions of bone or joint due to which the lower back pain occurs may be from birth, due to some mechanical injury or by inflammation of the joints also known as arthritis. The condition of the bone or joint from birth due to which the lower back pain occurs is due to problems or diseases like scoliosis and spina bifida. The condition in which the degeneration of bone and joint occurs is caused due to ageing. The degeneration or degradation of the discs is known as spondylitis which is also a reason behind the lower back pain.
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